防水工程按其构造做法分为结构自防水和柔性防水两大类 。结构防水，主要是依靠结构构件材料自身的密实性及其某些构造措施（坡度、埋设止水带等），使结构构件起到防水作用。

Waterproofing works are divided into two categories: structural self waterproof and flexible waterproofing according to their structural practice. The structure waterproof, mainly depends on the compactness of the structural member material itself and some structural measures (slope, buried water stop belt, etc.), so that the structural members play the role of waterproof.

柔性防水，是在结构主体的迎水面或背水面以及接缝处，附加防水材料做成防水层，以起到防水作用，如卷材防水、涂料防水、刚性材料防水层防水等。

Flexible waterproof, is in the body of the main body of the water surface or the back of the water surface and seams, additional waterproof material to make waterproof layer, to play the role of waterproof, such as waterproofing membrane, waterproof coating, waterproof layer rigid material waterproof layer and so on.

1、地下防水工程的防水层，严禁在雨天、雪天和五级风及其以上时施工。 

The waterproof layer 1, underground waterproof engineering, construction is prohibited in the rain and snow and winds of five and above.  

雨天施工会使基层含水率增大，导致防水层粘结不牢；气温过低时铺贴卷材，易出现开卷时卷材发硬、脆裂，严重影响防水层质量；低温涂刷涂料，涂层易受冻且不成膜；五级风以上进行防水层施工操作，难以确保防水层质量和人身安全。 

The rain day construction will increase the water content of the base, which causes the waterproof layer to be bonded hard; when the temperature is too low, it is easy to paste the rolled material, and it is easy to appear hard and brittle when the roll is open, which seriously affects the quality of the waterproof layer; the coating is easy to freeze and does not film at low temperature; it is difficult to ensure the quality of the waterproof layer and the safety of the body by the construction operation of the waterproof layer above the five stage wind.  

雨天施工会使基层含水率增大，导致防水层粘结不牢

Rainy days construction will increase the moisture content of the base, causing the waterproof layer to be stuck.

气温过低时铺贴卷材，易出现开卷时卷材发硬、脆裂，严重影响防水层质量

When the temperature is too low, the coil is hard and brittle, which seriously affects the quality of waterproof layer.

2、防水混凝土的变形缝、施工缝、后浇带、穿墙管道、埋设件等设置和构造，均需符合设计要求，严禁有渗漏。

2, waterproof concrete deformation joint, construction joint, post pouring belt, through wall pipe, embedded parts and other settings and construction, all need to meet the design requirements, and no leakage is strictly prohibited.

3、砼在浇筑地点的坍落度，每工作班至少检查两次。

3, the slump of concrete at pouring site, at least two times per work.

4、连续浇筑砼每500m3应留一组抗渗试件（一组为6个抗渗试件），且每项工程不得少于两组。采用预拌砼的抗渗试件，留置组数应视结构规模和要求而定。

4, continuous pouring concrete shall have a set of impermeability test pieces (one group is 6 impermeable test pieces) per 500m3, and each project shall not be less than two groups. The number of detained groups should be determined according to the size and requirements of the structure.

5、水泥砂浆防水层表面应密实、平整，不得有裂纹、起砂、麻面等缺陷；阴阳角应做成园弧形。

5, the surface of cement mortar waterproofing layer should be dense and smooth, and there should be no defects such as cracks, sand and hemp and so on. The Yin Yang corner should be made into garden arcs.

6、防水砼结构的变形缝、施工缝、后浇带等细部构造，应采用止水带、遇水膨胀橡胶腻子止水条等高分子防水材料和接缝密封材料。

6. The deformation joints, construction joints and post pouring belts of waterproof concrete structure should be constructed by using polymer waterproof material and sealant sealing materials such as water stop belt, water swelling rubber putty water stop bar and so on.

7、变形缝构造图（一）

7. The structure chart of the deformation joint (1)

8、变形缝构造图（二）

8, the structural map of the deformable seams (two)

9、变形缝构造图（三）

9, the structural map of the deformable seams (three)

10、变形缝构造图（四）

10, the structural map of the deformable seams (four)

11、变形缝构造要求

11. Structural requirements for deformation joints

1)、止水带宽度和材质的物理性能均应符合设计要求，且无裂缝和气泡；接头应采用热接，不得叠接，接缝平整、牢固，不得有裂口和脱胶现象；

1), the physical properties of the width and material of the water stop belt should be in accordance with the design requirements, and no cracks and bubbles; the joints should be heated, not to be overlapped, the joints are flat and firm, and no cracks and degumming phenomena can be found.

2)、中埋式止水带中心线应和变形缝中心线重合，止水带不得穿孔或用铁钉固定；

2) the central line of the buried waterstop should coincide with the central line of the deformation joint, and the sealing belt must not be perforated or fasten with iron nails.