一、结构自防水混凝土的施工

1. Construction of self waterproof concrete

1 防水混凝土的材料及配比水泥品种应按设计要求选用，其强度等级不应低于32.5级。粗骨料的自然级配适宜，粒径宜为5~40mm，含泥量不得大于1％。防水混凝土的配合比要求：试配要求的抗渗强度比设计值提高0.2MPa；水泥用量不低于300kg/m3，掺有活性掺合料时不少于280kg/m3；砂率宜为35%～45%，水灰比不大于0.55；坍落度不宜大于50mm。

1 the material and proportion of waterproof concrete shall be selected according to the design requirements, and the strength grade shall not be lower than grade 32.5. The natural gradation of coarse aggregate is suitable, the particle size should be 5~40mm, and the clay content should not exceed 1%. The mixture ratio requirement of waterproof concrete: the permeability strength of the test required is 0.2MPa higher than that of the design value; the cement dosage is not less than 300kg/m3 and the active admixture is not less than 280kg/m3; the sand ratio should be 35% to 45%, the water cement ratio is not more than 0.55; the slump should not be greater than the 50mm.

2 施工要点

2 key points of construction

⑴ 防水混凝土工程的模板应平整、拼缝严密不漏浆。一般不宜用螺栓或铁丝贯穿混凝土墙固定模板，当需用螺栓贯穿混凝土墙固定模板时，应采取止水措施。如采用工具式螺栓,螺栓中间加焊止水钢板,螺栓两端设垫木等。① 工具式螺栓做法：用工具式螺栓将防水螺栓固定并拉紧，拆模时，将工具式螺栓拆下，再以嵌缝材料及聚合物水泥砂浆将螺栓凹槽封堵严密。

1. The formwork of waterproof concrete works should be smooth and tight. Generally, it is not advisable to use bolts or iron wires to pass through concrete wall fixed formwork. When using bolts to pass through concrete wall fixed formwork, measures should be taken to stop water. If the tool bolts are used, the middle of the bolts should be welded with water stop steel plates, and the bolts should be laid on both ends. (1) tool bolt method: the tool bolt is used to fix and tighten the waterproof bolt. When the die is broken, the tool bolt is removed and the bolt groove is sealed with sew material and polymer cement mortar.

二、防水砂浆刚性防水层施工

Two. Construction of waterproof mortar rigid waterproof layer

刚性防水层适用于地下砖石结构的防水层或防水混凝土结构的加强层。其抵抗变形的能力较差，当结构受较强烈振动荷载或受腐蚀、高温及反复冻融的部位不宜采用。

The rigid waterproof layer is suitable for the waterproof layer of the underground masonry structure or the strengthened layer of the waterproof concrete structure. Its ability to resist deformation is poor. When the structure is subjected to strong vibration load or is subjected to corrosion, high temperature and repeated freezing and thawing, it is not suitable for use.

1 基层处理

1 grass-roots processing

刚性防水层的基层处理十分重要，基层处理包括清理、浇水、刷洗、补平，使基层表面保持潮湿、清洁、平整、坚实、粗糙。超过1cm的棱角及凹凸不平处，应剔成慢坡形，并浇水清洗干净，用素灰和水泥砂浆分层找平。混凝土基层凹凸不平的处理

The base treatment of the rigid waterproof layer is very important. The base treatment includes cleaning, watering, brushing and leveling, so that the surface of the base is moist, clean, flat, solid and rough. More than 1cm edges and corners should be cut into a slow slope shape, and cleaned with water and leveled with plain lime and cement mortar. Uneven treatment of concrete base

阴阳角的防水层需抹成圆角，阴角直径5cm，阳角直径1cm。

The waterproof layer of yin yang angle should be rounded, the diameter of Yin angle is 5cm, and the diameter of yang angle is 1cm.

三、卷材柔性防水层施工

Three. Construction of flexible waterproof layer for rolling material

柔性防水层采用卷材防水层，目前在地下工程的防水工程中选用高聚物改性沥青防水卷材和合成高分子防水卷材，柔性防水层的缺点是发生渗漏后修补较为困难。卷材防水层施工的铺贴方法，按其与地下防水结构施工的先后顺序分为外防外贴法和外防内贴法 两种。地下室外防外贴法施工

The flexible waterproof layer adopts the coiled material waterproof layer. At present, polymer modified bitumen waterproof roll and synthetic polymer waterproof roll are selected in the waterproof engineering of underground engineering. The defect of flexible waterproof layer is that it is difficult to repair after leakage. The laying method of waterproofing layer is divided into two types: external defence and external sticking. Construction of underground outdoor anti external sticking method