With the rapid development of the construction industry in China, the number is gradually increasing, the increase in the number of inevitable, it will produce a variety of construction accidents, the leakage problem can be said to be one of the more common problems, there are many reasons for leakage problems occurred in the construction engineering, I will combine their experience focus on. The causes and prevention and treatment measures.

一、渗漏现象：屋面山墙、女儿墙泛水处渗漏。

A leakage phenomenon: roof leakage, gable parapet flashing.

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

1）材料收头构造不合理，卷材张口没有订牢，封口处未用密封材料密封或封闭不严；

1) the structure of the material is not reasonable, the opening of the rolling material is not fixed, the sealing material is not sealed or closed with sealing material.

2）女儿墙压顶板抹灰层开裂，雨水沿墙面进入；

2) the parapet wall plaster layer capping plate cracking, along the wall into the rain;

3）砌眉砖抹灰层开裂或后浇混凝土挑檐开裂。

3) brick masonry eyebrow crack of the plaster layer or after concrete cracking cornice.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

砖砌女儿墙高度较低时，卷材收头可直接铺至女儿墙压顶下，用金属压条钉压固定，并用密封材料封闭严密，压顶上部抹灰放坡端部抹鹰嘴滴水。

Brick parapet height is lower when the coiled material can be directly laid to the parapet top, with metal strips pinning fixation, and sealing materials are tightly closed, the upper end of the sloping top plastering with olecranon drop.

二、存在问题：屋面水落口处渗漏。

Two problems: the leaking roof outfall.

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

1）返坡；

1) back slope;

2）水落口安装不牢，嵌缝不严，未做密封处理；

2) outfall installation is not strong, sealing lax, do not seal the deal;

3）防水层和附加层做法不正确。

3) the waterproof layer and the additional layer are not correct.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

1）水落口安装时位置、标高、坡向要正确。标高不得过高也不宜过低。水落口标高应考虑排水坡度和找平层、保温层、防水层等的厚度；

1) outfall installation locations, elevation, slope to the right. It should not be too high to be too high or too low. Outfall should consider drainage slope and elevation leveling layer, insulating layer, waterproof layer thickness etc.;

2）水落口安装时与女儿墙或屋面板四周应用细石砼（掺膨胀剂）嵌填密实，安装牢固；

2) outfall installation and parapet wall or roof panel around the application of fine stone concrete (expansive agent) filling the dense, firm installation;

3）水落口周围直径500mm范围内坡度不应小于5%，水落口与基层接触处，应留宽20mm，深20mm凹槽，嵌填密封材料。

3) water around the mouth within 500mm diameter should not be less than 5% slope Shuila mouth contact with the grassroots, should leave 20mm wide and 20mm deep groove filled sealing material.

三、存在问题：屋面变形缝（双墙变形缝、高低跨度变形缝）处漏水。

Three. There are problems: leakage of roof deformation joint (double wall deformation joint, high and low span deformation joint).

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

1）屋面变形缝构造做法未按设计要求施工；

1) the construction method of roof deformation seams has not been constructed according to the design requirements.

2）屋面变形缝预制砼压顶板接缝处未用密封材料嵌缝或因抹灰开裂；

2) joints of precast concrete roof pressure joint sealing material for sealing or not for plastering crack and deformation of roof;

3）金属压顶板搭接处焊缝开焊。

3) metal capping plate lap seam welding.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

1）屋面变形缝应按设计要求认真施工，同时满足变形及膨胀的要求，见下图；

1) the roof deformation joints should be carefully constructed according to the design requirements and meet the requirements of deformation and expansion.

2）预制砼压顶板每块接缝处做好嵌填密封膏，抹灰时做好泛水找坡；

2) precast concrete roof pressure of each joint to block packing paste, plastering flashing sloping well;

3）采用镀锌钢板压顶时，接缝处应卷边搭接或焊接牢固。当变形缝与女儿墙相交处，金属板要交圈。

3) made of galvanized steel ring, crimping or lap joints shall be welded firmly. When the deformation of joints and parapet at the intersection, the metal plate to ring.

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Print advertising: Italy -, leak

四、存在问题：伸出屋面管道根部渗漏。

Four. There is a problem: protruding the leakage of the root of the roof pipe.

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

1）出屋面管道根部与找平层未留20×20mm凹槽嵌填密封材料；

1) no 20 x 20mm grooves are embedded in the root of the roofing pipe and the leveling layer.

2）防水附加层做法不细；

2) the waterproofing additional layer is not fine.

3）卷材防水上部收头未加套箍，卷材老化开裂剥离。

3) the coiled material is waterproof on the upper end without the hoop, and the rolled material is aging and cracking and peeling off.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

1）伸出屋面管道周围的找平层应抹成圆锥台，管道与找平层间应留20×20mm凹槽，并用密封材料填塞密实；

1) the leveling layer around the roof pipe should be put into a conical table, and the 20 * 20MM grooves should be left between the pipe and the leveling layer, and the sealing material is stuffed and dense.

2）管根卷材附加层必须严格按工艺要施工，两层附加层，其中一层的一半剪成条状与基层粘贴，另一半卷上管根部（高度大于250mm），搭接不少于100mm，另一附加层压在锯齿上将缝隙遮挡；

2) the additional layer of pipe root coiled material must be strictly constructed according to the technology, and the two layer additional layer. One half of one layer is cut into strips and pasted on the base. The other half is on the pipe root (height is greater than 250mm), the lap is not less than 100mm, and the other additional layer is used to block the gap in the sawtooth.

3） 防水卷材收头必须加金属套箍箍紧，并用密封材料封严。

3) the head of the waterproof roll must be tightened with a metal hoop and sealed with a sealing material.

五、存在问题：屋面防水层楼角部位（阴阳角），防水层破坏造成渗漏。

Five. There are problems: the corner of the roof waterproof layer (yin and Yang), the damage caused by the waterproof layer caused the leakage.

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

1）防水层阴阳角处由于热应力集中，变形较大，阴阳角处防水层往往先于大面积防水层提前破损，致使屋面渗漏；

1) due to the thermal stress concentration and deformation at the Yin Yang corner of the waterproof layer, the waterproofing layer at the Yin Yang corner is usually damaged earlier than the large-area waterproof layer, resulting in roof leakage.

2）防水附加层施工未符合规范要求。

2) the construction of the waterproofing additional layer does not meet the requirements of the standard.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

1）防水层阴阳角找平屋应按设计要求做成圆弧或倒角。

1) the waterproofing layer Yin and yang angle leveling house should make round or chamfering according to the design requirements.

2）防水卷材在阴阳角加做附加层，附加层宽度按设计规定，一般为500mm左右，采用全粘实铺为主。附加层也可采用防水材料加网格布涂刷。

2) the waterproofing rolls are added as additional layers in the Yin and Yang angles, and the width of the additional layer is generally about 500mm, with the use of full cement. The additional layer can also be painted with waterproof material and mesh cloth.

六、存在问题及原因分析：地下室基础为桩基础的，由于桩头防水处理不好，造成底板渗水。

Six. Analysis of the existing problems and reasons: the basement of the basement is the foundation of the pile, and the water seepage of the floor is caused by the poor waterproof treatment of the pile head.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

桩头防水处理：桩头钢筋用止水带密封，桩伸入承台为50㎜，桩顶及桩外150㎜一圈做2㎜厚防水涂料，桩顶及桩外300㎜一圈用防水砂浆压实抹光，卷材与桩一周接缝处用聚氨脂封闭严实。

Pile head waterproofing: waterstop reinforced pile head sealing pile into the cap of 50 mm, 150 mm of pile top and pile outside a circle 2 mm thick waterproof coating, pile top and pile of 300 mm around with a waterproof mortar compaction trowel, tightly sealed with polyurethane membrane and pile a week at the seams.

七、存在问题及原因分析：地下室做卷材防水时，卷材搭接不够，阴阳角附加层做的不规矩，这些部位容易造成破坏，致使漏水。

Seven, there are problems and causes analysis: when the basement is making waterproofing membrane, the lap is not enough, and the additional layer of Yin Yang corner is not regular. These parts are easy to cause damage and cause water leakage.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

施工过程严格按照规范要求操作，保证搭接尺寸，在防水搭接头收头粘贴后可用火焰或抹子沿搭接缝边缘再行均匀加热抹压封严，或用密封材料沿缝封严，宽度不小于10mm。

The construction process in strict accordance with the specification requirements, ensure the lap size in waterproof joint head Paste available after flame or float along a seam edge again heated evenly wipe pressure seal, or sealing material along the seam seal width not less than 10mm.

八、存在问题及原因分析：地下室底板结构复杂，卷材防水施工时，卷材施工不到位，造成底板漏水。

Eight, the existing problems and causes analysis: the basement floor structure is complex, when the rolling material is waterproof, the construction of the rolled material is not in place, which causes the leakage of the floor.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

重点加强集水坑、电梯井坑、底板高低差位置的阴阳角的处理，为了保证卷材做到位，这些位置均应抹成八字面，卷材附加层做到位后，经检查合格后，开始大面积做防水卷材。从混凝土底板下面甩出的卷材可空铺贴在永久墙上，超出永久保护墙部位的

We should focus on strengthening the treatment of yin yang angle of the location of the water collection pit, elevator shaft and bottom plate. In order to ensure that the coil is in place, these locations should be put into eight faces. After the coil additional layer is in place, after the inspection is qualified, large area waterproofing membrane will be started. The rolls from under the concrete floor can be laid empty on the permanent wall, beyond the permanent wall.