屋面刚性防水与柔性防水施工技术浅析

Analysis of roof rigid waterproof and flexible waterproof construction technology

随着我国城市现代化建设的发展，建筑对于屋面的防水性能要求越来越高。良好的屋面防水工程不仅能够有效的防止渗漏，而且对于保护建筑结构，延长建筑使用寿命有着非常重要的意义。但就目前最常见的刚性屋面防水和柔性屋面防水的施工效果来看，防水效果并不能达到最佳的状态。因此，如何有效的提高屋面防水施工质量是当前建筑工程施工中的一大难题。

With the development of urban modernization in China, the waterproof performance of buildings is higher and higher. Good roofing waterproofing engineering can not only effectively prevent leakage, but also for the protection of building structures, to extend the service life of the building has a very important significance. But the most common rigid roof waterproof and flexible roof waterproof construction effect, waterproof effect can not reach the best state. Therefore, how to effectively improve the quality of roofing waterproof construction is a major problem in the current construction project.

现就通过分析提高防水设计施工质量的要求，来探讨将刚性防水与柔性防水进行有机结合后的防水施工技术，并讨论了该技术的方法措施以及质量控制办法，以供广大防水人员相互交流借鉴。

By analyzing the requirements of improving the quality of waterproof design and construction, this paper discusses the waterproof construction technology which combines rigid waterproof with flexible waterproof, and discusses the methods and measures of the technology as well as the quality control methods for the water proof personnel to communicate with each other.

一般来讲，刚性防水是指采用混凝土类或砂浆类等刚性材料进行屋面防水施工，这样的施工技术具有自重大，抗拉性和延性较差的缺点。而柔性防水则是指采用防水卷材或沥青油毡等柔性材料进行的防水施工，这类屋面泛水层易老化，对外界带来的磨损或刺穿等损害的抵抗力较差，使用寿命短。因此，若能将两类防水技术有机结合在一起，取长补短，采取技术措施有效避免各自的缺陷，就能够充分发挥刚性防水与柔性防水的积极作用，实现较好的屋面防水效果。

Generally speaking, rigid waterproof is the use of concrete or mortar and other rigid materials for roofing waterproof construction, such construction technology has the shortcomings of major, tensile and poor ductility. Flexible waterproof is the waterproof construction using flexible materials such as waterproof rolled material or asphalt felt. The roof water layer of this kind of roof is easy to be aged, and the resistance to wear or piercing and other damage to the outside is poor, and the service life is short. Therefore, if the two kinds of waterproof technology can be combined together to complement each other and take technical measures to effectively avoid their own defects, the positive effect of rigid waterproof and flexible waterproof can be fully played, so as to achieve a better effect of roofing waterproof.

提高屋面防水设计质量

Improving the quality of roofing waterproof design

屋面是一个建筑结构中很重要的组成部分，是整个建筑实现有效防水防晒、隔热保温的主要结构，因此，建筑施工中对于屋面工程的施工质量是有很高要求的，尤其是屋面防水设计施工的质量，更是关系着居民的使用舒适度和建筑使用时间长短的问题。一般来讲，对于屋面防水设计应该能满足以下几点要求：

The roof is an important part of the building structure. It is the main structure of the whole building to realize the effective waterproof sunscreen and heat insulation. Therefore, the construction quality of the roofing project is very high, especially the quality of the roof waterproof design and construction, which is related to the comfort and comfort of the residents. The problem of the length of the construction time. Generally speaking, roofing design should meet the following requirements:

 

 

1.1 屋面应形成连续的完全封闭的防水层。只有这样，才能保证建筑避免外界自然因素或人为因素造成的雨水侵袭，保护建筑内部结构。

1.1 the roof should form a continuous completely closed waterproof layer. Only in this way, can we ensure that the building to avoid external natural factors or human factors caused by rainwater invasion, to protect the internal structure of the building.

 

 

1.2 防水层不会因基层的开裂和接缝的移动而使防水层损坏破裂。这是指当前的建筑施工中常会用混凝土进行主体结构施工，而混凝土结构又常常会发生开裂或裂缝，防水设计中要考虑到这一点的影响，做好防治措施，使防水层在使用中保证完整无损。

1.2 the waterproof layer will not cause damage to the waterproofing layer due to the cracking of the base layer and the movement of the joints. This refers to the construction of the main structure with concrete in the current construction, and the concrete structures often have cracks or cracks. In the waterproof design, the effect of this point should be taken into account, and the prevention and control measures are done so that the waterproof layer can be completely undamaged in the use.

1.3 防水层能承受因气候条件等外部因素，如光、热、水汽，臭氧、紫外线等有害物质作用引起老化，能够长期地保持防水性能。

1.3 the waterproof layer can withstand the external factors such as climate, such as light, heat, water vapor, ozone, ultraviolet and other harmful substances, which can cause aging, and can keep waterproof for a long time.

 

 

1.4 结构的变形会导致防水层的开裂，当地基沉降在允许范围内时，屋面防水层的整体性受沉降变形与温差变形叠加的控制，总变形超过防水层的延伸极限就会造成开裂而漏水，因此不同的地基、基础形式应采用不同的设防，结构刚度的弱强对防水层的影响也大。

The deformation of the 1.4 structure will lead to the cracking of the waterproof layer. When the foundation settles in the allowable range, the whole property of the roofing waterproof layer is controlled by the superposition of the settlement deformation and the temperature difference. The total deformation exceeds the extension limit of the waterproof layer and causes the cracks and water leakage. Therefore, different foundations and foundation forms should be fortified with different fortification. The weak strength of the stiffness has a great influence on the waterproof layer.